Development of conflict in arab spring libya and syria. Reasons for arab spring based on views in developing. These include political freedom, economic prosperity, and human dignity. Ultimately it resulted in a contentious battle between a consolidation of power by religious elites. The political causes of the arab spring the arab spring can be analysed in many ways. Causes, consequences, and implications if, one day, a people desire to live, then fate will answer their call. The demands made by protestors were wide ranging, and also evolved as protest movements developed. National appeal of the arab spring the key to the mass appeal of the arab spring was its universal message. Analysis of the arab spring 3 blunders in state response, in particular using a heavyhanded approach and trying to crush opposition, had the reverse effect of galvanising more people to join the protests icg, 2011b and 2011d. The arab spring and the emergence of the syrian crisis. Causes, consequences, and perspectives foreword this paper is an extended summary of a panel discussion with rami khouri on the topic of the arab uprisings auses, onsequences, and perspectives. The gaddafi archives libya before the arab spring view gallery an exhibition of photographs, documents and artefacts from the human rights watch archive paints a portrait of libya in the four decades prior to the arab spring.
Pdf the middle east and north africa mena have long been laden with. Bcpr merged with the bureau for development policy under the. Three years on from the start of the upheaval which became known as the arab spring, the middle east is still in a state of flux. Many experts compare the arab spring to the popular revolutions that shook communist states in the late 1980s and early 1990s of the 20th century. This part of the research focuses on the root causes and consequences of the arab spring that. Protests that spread across the region in early 2011 started a longterm process of political and social transformation, marked in the initial stages primarily by political turbulence, economic difficulties, and even conflict.
The arab spring may have awakened the entire middle east with a taste of democracy in a few countries, but syria has seen the adverse effects of it. The geographic position of many arab states protagonist of the arab spring lead us to analyze also the international causes of these revolts. Thi s researc h articl e attempts to scrutinize the nature and cause s of the ara b uprising s which too k people by surpris e globall y throughou t 2011 and int o 2012. Over a three year period we evolved a problemdriven attempt at theory building and came to see historically rooted structural factors as more satisfying explanatory variables than some of the more proximate arguments proposed to explain the causes and consequences of the arab. The causes and effects of the arab springs by 12ael no single cause was behind the arab spring. A brief survey of previous merger waves and an analysis of the recent one give support to the hypothesis that sectoral shocks are at the root of merger waves. Pdf migration from arab spring countries to europe. The study concluded that migration from the arab spring countries refers to what can be called as the factors.
The arab spring was actually preceded by imf riots, which erupted in the. Three major realities were political reason that motivated the population to take the streets. A comparative study of the causes and consequences of mergers by family and nonfamily firms. While the uprising in tunisia led to some improvements in the country from a humanrights perspective, not all of the nations that witnessed such social and political.
Migration from the arab spring countries refers to what can be called the factors of. I can describe the causes and effects of the arab spring in my assigned country. As economic distress is show to be one of the major causes of the arab spring, political dissatisfaction may be the biggest of them all to cause these disturbances. In tunisia, protests which began primary over economic frustration, injustice and indignity grew to anger at corruption in ruling families and elites. Ever since the 1950s the arab world has been dominated by strongmen e. Applying a contextdependent normdiffusion frame, the impact of the arab spring is linked to whether feminist norms were brought to the fore and consequently resonated with publics life worlds. In this paper, we attempt to disentangle the causes and consequences of the arab uprisings. Although the longterm effects of the arab spring have yet to be shown, its shortterm consequences varied greatly across the middle east and north africa. Yemen became one of the first countries to experience the protests.
Pdf on the economic causes of the arab spring and its possible. Authoritarian regimes were characterised by consolidation of power in the hands of a few. The impact of the arab spring concerns protests or by the way attempts to organize growing protest movements that were inspired by or similar to the arab spring in the arab majority states of north africa and the middle east, according to commentators, organisers, and critics. In tunisia, protests which began primary over economic frustration, injustice and. Like germany, england and france in the second world war, most of syria is destroyed. The roots and causes of the 2011 arab uprisings kamal eldin osman salih abstract.
What was meant to be an uprising for change turned into a bloody, brutal and endless civil war. Regional overview on the middle east and north africa. The armed forces played a decisive role in many of the arab. The arab spring s impact on the middle east has been profound, even if in many places its final outcome might not become clear for at least a generation. It called on the arabs to take back their country away from the corrupt elites, a perfect mixture of patriotism and social message. The country was facing times of political and economic instability dealing with high level of corruption, high prices, unemployment, political oppression and poverty. When it comes to politics, clear political factors emerge as important reasons for the uprising in the muslim world. Many experts compare the arab spring to the popular revolutions that shook communist states in the late eighties and early nineties of the twentieth century. Causes and consequences of merger waves ideasrepec. Its causes and consequences 3 arab countries barany, 2011. What kind of weather will the arab spring bring to the middle east.
The reasons and consequences of political and social. The popular protests resulted in changes in office in egypt, tunisia and libya whereas in syria the regime remained in power despite strong popular uprising and ongoing civil war. The economic consequences of the arab spring by mohsin khan atlantic council rafik hariri center for the middle east the popular uprisings that swept the middle east in early 2011 dramatically altered the political landscape of the region with the overthrow of autocratic regimes in egypt, libya, tunisia, and yemen. After more than five decades of independence from european colonialism, autocratic rulers have failed to meet the legitimate aspirations of the arab people. Nevertheless, in the last decade almost all of the mena economies. Demonstrators expressing political and economic grievances faced violent crackdowns by. Lara friedman, director of policy and government relations for americans for peace now april 15, 2011.
At the eve of the arab spring, one out of four egyptians and tunisians young was out of employment. First, mainly drawing on empirical evidences rather than journalistic impressions and reports on the arap spring, it aims to provide. Results in the middle east and north africa 2007 by world bank. The study concluded that migration from the arab spring countries refers to what can be called as the. Protests, riots and demonstrations erupted in algeria, bahrain, iraq, jordan, kuwait, morocco, djibouti, mauritania, oman, saudi arabia, palestine, and western sahara.
The reasons and economic and political consequences of arab spring 43 egypt, where arab spring lasted longer, is one of the largest countries in africa with its advantages such as its location, tourism revenues and logistics moaddel, 2012. Although the longterm effects of the arab spring have yet to be shown. Tobins q and the highq dummy have negative and significant effects on merger probability. For decades, arab populations had faced repression of free speech, human rights abuses, economic mismanagement, corruption and stifling of political dissent. The uns response to the underlying causes of the arab spring. In tunisia and egypt, where the existing regimes were ousted and replaced through a process of free and fair election, the revolutions were considered shortterm successes.
The arab spring marked a discontinuity in regional history as well as in social. The arab spring and its unintended effects in syria. The economics of the arab spring and its aftermath world bank. Political and social unrest is an open and neutral concept, so the situation may develop in the direction of a revolution, and may evolve into an upheaval, or cause foreign military intervention.
This study aims to discuss the issues of migration from the arab spring countries to the european countries in terms of its causes and consequences. Arab spring research guide and notes sheet targets. Deregulation and globalization are identified as the shocks responsible for the latest wave. Migration from the arab spring countries to europe. The major causes of the arab israeli conflict were foreign interference, nationalism and the collapse of the ottoman empire. We are grateful to the participants of these conferences and an. Many experts compare the arab spring to the popular revolutions that shook. Causes of the arab spring the wave of social protests that swept through the arab world during 2011, toppling some longstanding regimes and seriously destabilizing others, was the consequence of decades of oppressive and authoritarian political systems, failed economic policies, and socially alienated and disaffected populations, mainly youths. In 2011 a wave of prodemocracy protests known as the arab spring spread across the arab world. This paper attempts to examine the causes of the arab uprisings in middle eastern.
I can compare and contrast the causes and effects of the arab spring in other middle eastern nations. Attempting to understand the complexities of the arab spring is a challenge both methodologically and evidentially. The causes and the consequences of the arab srping explained in this documentary. The causes of the arab spring, or as some call it, arab awakening, were many and longgathering. His suicide became a means for the occurrence of tunisian revolution and widespread arab spring. In 2011, reflecting the international communitys view that the arab spring would herald a transition to pluralism and greater democracy, the world bank group introduced a strategy for the mena region based on four pillars. First, mainly drawing on empirical evidences rather than journalistic impressions and reports onthe arap spring, it aims to provide an indepth analysis of the sets of socioeconomic and sociopolitical. Polyvocal, leaderless and using new styles of communication, the post arab spring voices do not seek power but seek to defy the state and push it to address the hitherto taboo topics such as. The global crisis has, probably, exacerbated the populations discontent. The reasons and economic and political consequences of. Arab spring, wave of prodemocracy protests and uprisings that took place in the middle east and north africa beginning in 2010, challenging some of the regions entrenched authoritarian regimes. Weide, lakner, and ianchovichina forthcoming then combine the top. It is known that due of the economic distress, and lack of employment, many. Along with the decrease in production, the demographic boom was also responsible for increasing unemployment.
The causes and effects of the arab springs by matthew. People started protests and riots against the existing issues in the region. To combine the category ids with the full tweet data, each pair of. Effects and consequences of the arab spring the hollings. Tunisia was the first country where the arab spring fire started. Its uprising also became one of the most consequential. Unlike 911, the arab spring is attributable to deep and widespread sociological causes e. This paper presents some ideas about determinants of merger waves and some evidence on their effect on profitability and employment. Ultimately it resulted in a contentious battle between a consolidation of power by religious. A young man sets fire to himself on the streets of tunisia. And their night will then begin to fade, and their chains break and fall. This study aims to identify causes and consequences of arab uprising in egypt and syria.